| 1 | Force (F) | A push or pull acting on an object. |
| 2 | Newton (N) | SI unit of force. 1 N = force needed to accelerate 1 kg at 1 m/s². |
| 3 | Weight (W) | The force of gravity acting on a mass (W = m × g). |
| 4 | Mass (m) | The amount of matter in an object; measured in kilograms (kg). |
| 5 | Friction | The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. |
| 6 | Upthrust (Buoyancy) | The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object. |
| 7 | Tension | The pulling force transmitted through a rope, string, or cable. |
| 8 | Normal Reaction | The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it. |
| 9 | Resultant Force | The single force representing the combined effect of multiple forces. |
| 10 | Newton’s Second Law (F = ma) | Acceleration is proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass. |